Biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer: tools for a personalized treatment

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Abstract

Introduction: Lung cancer has become the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. In Cuba, it is the neoplasm with the highest mortality in women and the second in men, highlighting the urgent need for biomarkers for early and accurate diagnosis in at-risk populations.

Objective: To explore recent advances in the identification and validation of biomarkers in lung cancer, as well as their impact on diagnosis and treatment.

Methods: A literature review was conducted in the databases: SciELO, SCOPUS, and PubMed; using the terms: "Lung cancer", "Non-small cell lung cancer", "Biomarkers". A total of 22 sources were included in this review, of which 100 % correspond to the last five years.

Development: Radiological screening in lung cancer presents limitations due to false positives, highlighting the need for more accurate biomarkers. Tumor markers in blood, sputum, and lung tissue allow for characterizing the tumor and its microenvironment, crucial for therapeutic decisions. Similarly, tumor mutational burden emerges as a predictor of response to immunotherapy. NGS is establishing itself as the optimal method for comprehensive molecular profiling, essential in the era of targeted therapies.

Conclusions: Lung cancer has seen significant advances in its management thanks to biomarkers such as mutations in EGFR, ALK, ROS1, and others, as well as LDH and epigenetic changes, enabling targeted and specific therapies, although challenges in their validation and early clinical application persist.

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Published

2025-09-12

How to Cite

1.
Naranjo Lima S, Estrada Rodríguez Y, Landín Jorrín M de la C. Biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer: tools for a personalized treatment. EsTuSalud [Internet]. 2025 Sep. 12 [cited 2025 Sep. 19];7:e449. Available from: https://revestusalud.sld.cu/index.php/estusalud/article/view/449

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Especial ONCOFORUM