The dilemma of the modern neurosurgeon: innovation and bioethical principles.

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Abstract

Bioethics, which combines bios (life) and ethos (ethics), emerged after the Nazi experiments during World War II, giving rise to the Nuremberg Code (1947) and informed consent. Neuroethics addresses dilemmas in neuroscience and neurosurgery, where complex decisions require the application of bioethical principles: autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice. Landmark cases such as Walter Freeman's lobotomy or Robert White's head transplant in monkeys illustrate the risks of ignoring ethics. Today, challenges such as artificial intelligence (algorithmic bias, unequal access) and consent in patients with cognitive impairment pose new challenges. Furthermore, cases such as Quinlan's or Schiavo's highlight controversies over life support and advance directives. Palliative neurosurgery must prioritize quality of life, not just cure. Transparency and ethical frameworks are crucial to balancing innovation and safety, protecting human dignity in every medical decision.

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Published

2025-05-23

How to Cite

1.
Naranjo Lima S, Estrada Rodríguez Y. The dilemma of the modern neurosurgeon: innovation and bioethical principles. EsTuSalud [Internet]. 2025 May 23 [cited 2025 Jun. 6];7:e426. Available from: https://revestusalud.sld.cu/index.php/estusalud/article/view/426

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Carta al editor